Analysis of the Final Fates of the 12 Chinese Communist Party Leaders

Pro-democracy activists in San Francisco used an airplane banner to protest against the CCP's tyranny. (Xue Mingzhu / Dajiyuan)

[People News Report] Since the founding of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1921, there have been 12 leaders, namely: Chen Duxiu, Qu Qiubai, Xiang Zhongfa, Bo Gu, Zhang Wentian, Mao Zedong, Hua Guofeng, Hu Yaobang, Zhao Ziyang, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao, and Xi Jinping.

The final outcomes of the 11 CCP leaders before Xi were all unfortunate. Today, while Xi remains in office, he faces a high-risk situation.

Why do we say that the outcomes of the 11 CCP leaders before Xi were unfortunate? Why do we say that Xi’s position is precarious? This article will first describe these phenomena and then offer some analysis.

The Final Fates of the 11 CCP Leaders Before Xi

Chen Duxiu was the first CCP leader. On August 7, 1927, Chen was criticized for his "rightist opportunism" errors and was removed from CCP leadership. On November 15, 1929, he was expelled from the party for opposing the CCP's slogan to "Defend the Soviet Union with Armed Force." On May 27, 1942, he died in poverty and illness.

Qu Qiubai was the second CCP leader. On February 24, 1935, Qu was captured by local security forces in Changting, Fujian. On June 18 of the same year, he was "executed on the spot" by the government of the Republic of China.

Xiang Zhongfa was the third CCP leader. On June 22, 1931, after spending the night with a concubine he had bought from a brothel, Xiang was arrested in the French Concession of Shanghai and later handed over to the Songhu Garrison Command. Two days later, on June 24, 1931, Xiang was "executed on the spot" by the government of the Republic of China.

Bo Gu was the fourth CCP leader. On April 8, 1946, Bo's plane crashed en route from Chongqing to Yan’an due to heavy fog, killing all on board.

Zhang Wentian was the fifth CCP leader. In 1959, during the Lushan Conference, Zhang was labeled as part of an "anti-party group" led by Peng Dehuai for supporting Peng’s truthful remarks. During the Cultural Revolution, he was severely persecuted. On July 1, 1976, he died of a sudden heart attack in his place of exile, Wuxi, Jiangsu.

Mao Zedong was the sixth CCP leader. On October 6, 1976, less than a month after Mao’s death, his wife Jiang Qing was arrested on orders from Hua Guofeng, Mao’s final designated successor. Later, Jiang Qing was branded the chief culprit in the "Counter-Revolutionary Clique Case" and sentenced to death with a two-year reprieve, effectively making Mao’s family "counter-revolutionaries."

Jiang Qing once said, "I am Chairman Mao's dog." By this, she meant that she would attack whoever Mao directed her to attack. This was largely true. During the ten years of the Cultural Revolution, Jiang Qing would enthusiastically spearhead Mao’s campaigns against his targets. Since Jiang became the chief culprit of the "Counter-Revolutionary Clique," what does this mean for Mao?

Hua Guofeng, Hu Yaobang, and Zhao Ziyang—the seventh, eighth, and ninth CCP leaders—were all ousted under pretexts created by Deng Xiaoping.

Jiang Zemin was the tenth CCP leader and committed at least three major crimes. First, Jiang was the primary protector of the highest-ranking corrupt officials within the CCP. Second, he was the greatest traitor in contemporary Chinese history. Third, he was the mastermind behind the persecution of Falun Gong, including ordering the harvesting of organs from Falun Gong practitioners.

During his lifetime, Jiang was the most infamous former top leader of any government globally. Initially, he was sued by Falun Gong practitioners in courts across dozens of countries. Later, 210,000 practitioners officially filed complaints against him with China’s Supreme People’s Court and Supreme People’s Procuratorate.

Hu Jintao was the eleventh CCP leader. During his ten years in office, Hu was effectively a "puppet," marginalized by Jiang Zemin’s loyalists, Guo Boxiong and Xu Caihou, both Politburo members and vice-chairmen of the Central Military Commission at the time, suffering from Jiang’s suppression.

On October 22, 2022, at the 20th CCP National Congress, in front of cameras from mainstream global media, Xi Jinping ordered that Hu Jintao, who had been retired for ten years and was nearly 80 years old, be forcibly removed from the venue by Kong Shaoxun, Deputy Director of the CCP Central Office, and another man in black.

Xi Jinping’s Precarious Situation as Current CCP Leader

Xi became the CCP leader at the 18th Party Congress in 2012 and has been in power for 12 years.

Today, Xi is the only CCP leader since the reform and opening policy began in 1978 to serve three consecutive terms as the top leader in the party, government, and military. However, Xi’s position has not become more secure; rather, he is in a more dangerous situation, highlighted by the following 13 factors:

1. In the ten years before the 20th Party Congress (2012-2022), Xi investigated over 570 high-ranking officials at or above the vice-provincial and ministerial levels, as well as other centrally managed cadres. The families, friends, and political backers of these officials all harbor resentment against Xi, hoping he will fall from power, and some might even wish harm upon his entire family.

2. Over the past two years since the 20th Party Congress, Xi has also investigated a number of high-ranking officials whom he personally promoted. This has not only significantly weakened his authority but has also added these officials and their families to the anti-Xi camp.

3. Upon coming to power, Xi purged Jiang Zemin’s faction, investigating many high-ranking officials tied to Jiang and thereby offending his faction. Though Jiang has passed away, the second-in-command of his faction, former Politburo Standing Committee member and Vice-President Zeng Qinghong, remains active. The Jiang faction, led by Zeng, is full of those who do not support Xi and would oppose him if given the chance.

4. Xi also purged “military tigers” under the pretext of an anti-corruption campaign and reshuffled power within the military through reforms. In the process, high-ranking generals whose powers or interests were affected became his opponents. Xi remains distrustful of the current senior generals, frequently shifting their roles, leading them to potentially join the opposition. He constantly fears a military coup.

5. At the 20th Party Congress, Xi effectively dissolved the CCP faction led by Hu Jintao, known as the Communist Youth League faction. The Youth League faction members also do not support Xi and have become part of the opposition.

6. Xi investigated Wu Xiaohui, the nephew-in-law of Deng Xiaoping, and his governance has been in opposition to the reform and opening-up policies championed by Deng. This has alienated people who once supported Deng, including the Deng family and many who still value Deng’s reforms.

7. Xi’s governance contradicts the reformist ideals of former leaders Hu Yaobang and Zhao Ziyang, who supported Deng’s reform policies. Those who remember and honor Hu and Zhao have also joined the anti-Xi camp.

8. During Xi’s 12 years in power, he sidelined nearly all the “second-generation reds” (descendants of CCP veterans) who had once supported him. Some members of this group have also become his opponents.

9. Xi has repeatedly curtailed the authority of former Premier Li Keqiang, making it difficult for Li to pursue his goals. Li passed away unexpectedly on October 27, 2023, only a few months after retirement, leading many to question the circumstances of his death. Some openly claim that Li was killed. Those who supported Li within the government, along with people from all walks of life who remember him, have joined the opposition to Xi.

10. Xi’s policies favoring state-owned enterprises over private enterprises have suppressed many private entrepreneurs, pushing them into opposition against him.

11. Xi’s heavy-handed policies in Xinjiang, Tibet, Inner Mongolia, and Hong Kong, as well as his repression of human rights lawyers, financial refugees, unemployed workers, displaced farmers, veterans, students involved in the “White Paper” movement, outspoken professors, citizen journalists, and dissidents, have all accumulated a large base of opposition.

12. During Xi’s 12 years, aside from a small number of elite families benefiting from his rule, other social classes have not prospered. Instead, many find their situations worsening due to Xi’s policy missteps, leading to growing discontent among the public. Xi constantly fears popular uprisings.

13. Internationally, Xi’s “wolf warrior diplomacy” has made him many enemies abroad.

The precariousness of Xi’s situation is evident in the increasingly strict security measures taken during his domestic inspections and international visits. CCP security around Xi grows more intense each year, displaying a “seeing enemies everywhere” atmosphere.

This article addresses the fates of the 12 CCP leaders. What might Xi’s final outcome be? Given the points above, his end could also be unfavorable.

Three Key Analyses

Why did the 11 CCP leaders before Xi end poorly, and why might Xi’s outcome also be bleak? Viewing this through the CCP’s ideological lens may obscure the true picture. Only by stepping outside CCP ideology and examining it through traditional and universal values can we gain a clear view.

In my opinion, there are three main reasons:

1. The CCP as a Malevolent Party.

In 2004, The Epoch Times published the editorial series Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party, analyzing the CCP’s origins, history, theory, and practices from the standpoint of traditional and universal values. The series concluded that the CCP is inherently characterized by “falsehood, evil, strife, opposition to heaven, earth, humanity, and divinity.”

From 1921 to 1949, the CCP’s primary activity over 28 years was the use of any means necessary to overthrow the legitimate government of China—the Republic of China.

From 1949 to 2024, for 75 years, the CCP’s main activity has been to maintain its one-party dictatorship, using high-pressure tactics and deceit to uphold its rule.

Viewing the actions of CCP leaders within this historical framework, regardless of their subjective intentions, reveals that these actions are fundamentally wrong.

Before the CCP seized power in 1949, it vehemently opposed one-party rule, declaring that “one-party dictatorship brings disaster everywhere.”

However, after taking power in 1949, the CCP established an authoritarian regime more dictatorial, bloody, and sinister than any other in history.

Why?

If we merely observe the phenomena, we may never understand. But through the lens of the CCP’s essence—its “falsehood, evil, strife, opposition to heaven, earth, humanity, and divinity”—its actions become clear.

Therefore, from the standpoint of traditional and universal values, examining the essence behind the phenomena leads to a complete repudiation of the CCP’s history.

This is one reason for the unfortunate fates of the previous 11 CCP leaders and why Xi’s outcome may also be unfavorable.

2. The CCP’s Heavy Burden of Sin.

I have previously written that the CCP is the most murderous, blood-debt-ridden, and sinful party globally. See, for example, my article “The CCP Is the Most Murderous Party in the World” published in The Epoch Times on November 7, 2022.

Given the CCP’s history of killings and blood debts, could its leaders’ fates be favorable?

3. Possession by an Evil Communist Spirit.

People generally believe that humans have souls. So, does the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) have a soul? It does—but the CCP's soul is evil. This was first publicly revealed in The Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party.

Why Is the Soul of the CCP Considered Evil?

The ancestor of the CCP, Karl Marx, was a follower of Satanism, a religion that worships Satan—a demon that hates God, curses humanity, and seeks to destroy it.

Scholars have found that a branch sect called the Illuminati emerged from Satanism. Founded on May 1, 1776, by Adam Weishaupt, this was an extremely secretive global organization with the goal of political subversion.

The political program of the Illuminati can be summarized as follows: (1) Abolish private property and inheritance (i.e., "communism"); (2) Abolish family, marriage, and morality (i.e., "sharing of spouses"); (3) Abolish religious beliefs and replace them with a "new religion" (i.e., "materialism and atheism"); (4) Abolish national identity, replacing patriotism with internationalism (i.e., "liberating all humankind"); (5) Ultimately, through world revolution, destroy all existing social orders and establish a global dictatorship controlled by the Illuminati.

The key ideas Marx expressed in The Communist Manifesto were directly adopted from the Illuminati's doctrines. He simply wrapped them in the attractive veneer of “liberating humanity, creating a paradise on earth, and benefiting the people.”

In reality, Marx was a spokesperson for the demonic Satan, and the Communist Party became a cult organization carrying out Satan's plans to destroy humanity.

After the Communist spirit possessed the CCP, it first presented an alluring vision—a public commitment to establishing a new, free, democratic, and prosperous China. This promise attracted waves of patriotic youth and people from various social classes to support the CCP in seizing power.

However, once it succeeded, the Communist spirit began to control the CCP leaders, steering them toward increasingly brutal and bloody political campaigns that ran counter to the CCP’s original promises.

Today, after 75 years in power, the CCP has become the world’s most uniquely dictatorial, authoritarian, and totalitarian regime.

Xi Jinping, the current CCP leader, has openly declared, “The Party leads everything—government, military, academics, civil affairs, East, West, South, North, and Center.”

This was also Mao Zedong's belief and was a significant cause of the devastation brought upon China, the Chinese people, and Chinese civilization during the decade-long Cultural Revolution.

Xi Jinping’s entire family suffered from the Cultural Revolution. From a standpoint of common sense, common feelings, and basic reasoning, Xi should naturally oppose the ways of the Cultural Revolution. Why, then, is he determined to repeat Mao’s mistakes instead of learning from them?

One of the most critical reasons is the control exerted by the Communist spirit.

Conclusion

The Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party has unearthed the roots of the Communist spirit.

Looking back over the 170-year history of the international communist movement and the 103-year history of the CCP, we can see that whoever becomes possessed by the Communist spirit is inevitably manipulated to do harmful things, hurting others, themselves, and future generations.

An essential way to break free from the control of the Communist spirit is to sever ties with the CCP from the depths of one’s heart—withdraw from the CCP’s Party, Youth League, and Young Pioneers organizations. Do not live as descendants of Marx and Lenin; rather, reconnect with China's 5,000-year divine culture, return to the identity of the descendants of Yan and Huang, respect Heaven, and cherish virtue. In this way, one may receive the blessings and protection of divine forces.

According to The Epoch Times's “Tuidang” website, 438 million Chinese people have now withdrawn from the CCP’s Party, League, and Pioneers organizations, including many high-ranking CCP officials.

To those who still retain a sense of conscience and have not yet “quit the three organizations,” I hope that by reflecting on the fates of the 12 CCP leaders, you will seriously read The Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party, and quit the Party as soon as possible—for your sake, for your family, and for future generations.

(Reprinted from Dajiyuan)